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Where information development meets global tradeAccess new datasets, real-time insights, and speculative tools to explore today's evolving trade landscape Visualization tools based on WTO trade stats and tariffs Real-time trade insights based upon non-WTO data sources List of freely available non-WTO trade information sources WTO's information collaborations for research study functions The Global Trade Data Website has now been renamed to "Data Lab" to focus on information development, collaborations, and enhanced access to external data sources.

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On this topic page, you can find data, visualizations, and research on historical and existing patterns of global trade, along with conversations of their origins and effects. SectionsAll our work on Trade & Globalization Among the most important developments of the last century has actually been the combination of nationwide economies into an international economic system.

One method to see this growth in the data is to track how exports and imports have actually changed over time. The chart here does this by revealing the volume of world trade since 1800, changing the figures for inflation and indexing them to their 1800 values.

The long-run data we provide here comes from the work of historians and other researchers who make use of historical sources such as archival customizeds records, early analytical yearbooks, and other main documents. These historical quotes provide us a broad view of how global trade progressed, however they are harder to update, which is why not all charts (and not all series within some charts) encompass today.

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What these long-run price quotes allow us to see is that globalization did not grow along a stable, continuous course. What is revealed is the "trade openness index".

As the chart shows, up until 1800, there was a long period defined by constantly low international trade worldwide the index never ever went beyond 10% before 1800. Background: trade before the first wave of globalizationBefore globalization took off, trade was driven primarily by manifest destiny.

Leonor Freire Costa, Nuno Palma, and Jaime Reis, who assembled and published historic quotes, argue that trade, also in this period, had a substantial favorable effect on the economy.3 This then changed throughout the 19th century, when technological advances activated a period of significant development in world trade the so-called "very first wave of globalization". This first wave pertained to an end with the beginning of World War I, when the decline of liberalism and the rise of nationalism led to a depression in international trade.

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After World War II, trade started growing again. This new and continuous wave of globalization has seen worldwide trade grow faster than ever before.

In the duration 18301900, intra-European exports went from 1% of GDP to 10% of GDP, and this indicated that the relative weight of intra-European exports almost doubled over the period. This procedure of European combination then collapsed sharply in the interwar duration.

In addition, Western Europe then began to significantly trade with Asia, the Americas, and, to a smaller degree, Africa and Oceania. The next chart, using data from Broadberry and O'Rourke (2010 ), shows another point of view on the combination of the international economy and plots the development of three indicators determining integration across various markets specifically products, labor, and capital markets.4 The signs in this chart are indexed, so they show modifications relative to the levels of integration observed in 1900.

26 The worldwide growth of trade after World War II was mainly possible because of reductions in deal costs stemming from technological advances, such as the development of industrial civil aviation, the improvement of efficiency in the merchant marines, and the democratization of the telephone as the main mode of communication.

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The first wave of globalization was defined by inter-industry trade. In the 2nd wave of globalization, we see an increase in intra-industry trade (i.e., the exchange of broadly similar goods and services becoming more common).

The following visualization, from the UN World Advancement Report (2009 ), plots the fraction of overall world trade that is represented by intra-industry trade, by type of products. As we can see, intra-industry trade has actually been increasing for primary, intermediate, and final items. This pattern of trade is crucial since the scope for specialization increases if nations can exchange intermediate products (e.g., automobile parts) for related last items (e.g., automobiles). Share of intraindustry trade by type of items Figure 6.1 in UN World Development Report (2009 ) After examining the international patterns behind the first and second waves of globalization, we can look at how these patterns played out within individual nations.

You can modify the countries and regions picked; each nation informs a different story.7 The very same historic sources also allow us to explore where nations sent their exports in time. This breakdown by location supplies a complementary view of globalization: not just did countries incorporate at various minutes, however the partners they traded with also changed in various methods.

These figures are stemmed from contemporary trade records, custom-mades information, and international databases. With this data, we can track present patterns in trade volumes, trade composition, and trading partners. (You can find out more about data sources and measurement problems at the end of this page.) Trade openness (exports plus imports as a share of gdp) demonstrates how large a nation's cross-border flows are relative to the size of its domestic economy.

International trade is much smaller sized relative to the domestic economy in the US than in nearly all European nations. This is partially explained by the large volume of trade that takes location within the European Union. If you press the play button on the map, you can see how trade openness has altered gradually across all countries.